#HOW DOES MIMO WORK CODE IT YET#
#HOW DOES MIMO WORK HOW TO MAKE ALL#

How Does Mimo Work How To Make All

HereвЂ™s where Wi-Fi 6 comes into play: Now that 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) routers are rolling out, beamforming is also key for supporting the multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) feature that these new routers are equipped with.How does 5G technology work. Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)If they can solve the remaining challenges, and figure out how to make all these systems work together, ultrafast 5G service could reach consumers in the next.Beamforming needs Wi-Fi that supports multiple-input multiple out (MIMO) technology to send out the multiple overlapping signals. Typical configurations are: 2X2 MIMO (two transmit antennas, two receive antennas) 3X3 MIMO (three transmit antennas, three receive antennas) 4X4 MIMO (four transmit antennas, four receive antennas) Determine will work for optimal transmission and reception with their particular hardware and software.

How Does Mimo Work Code It Yet

Initiative designed to work with the brokerage community to. The Rising Star Award program is a C.A.R. Current MU-MIMO routers are only able to broadcast at 11ac (and obviously and theoretically, 11ax) which is still quite new and many devices arenвЂ™t equipped to decode it yet.Q: Where do I go to get legal questions answered. Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)MU-MIMO will obviously only work if both the router or AP and the receiving device (or devices) are fully MU-MIMO compatible. But 5G technology is not limited to the new radio spectrum.

The base station has multiple antenna ports, as many as there are UEs receiving data simultaneously, and one antenna port is needed in each UE. Hence, MU-MIMO increases the total cell throughput, i.e. In Single User MIMO, both the base station and UE have multiple antenna ports and antennas, and multiple data streams are transmitted simultaneously to the UE using same time/frequency resources, doubling (2Г—2 MIMO), or quadrupling (4Г—4 MIMO) the peak throughput of a single user.In MU-MIMO, base station sends multiple data streams, one per UE, using the same time-frequency resources. MU-MIMOIn legacy LTE, the term MIMO usually refers to Single User MIMO (SU-MIMO). The challenge is that MIMO comes in many different variants, some of them having been in use already for years in legacy LTE networks.

Multiple TRX chains, one per each simultaneous MU-MIMO user, are needed in the base station. In the context of LTE/5G, MU-MIMO equals to digital beamforming. Multiple beams (one per each user) can be formed simultaneously from the same set of antenna elements. Baseband beamforming, aka precoding)The signal is pre-coded (amplitude and phase modifications) in baseband processing before RF transmission.

Therefore analog beamforming is considered mandatory for the mmWave frequency range 5G NR. The antenna gain boost provided by the analog beamforming overcomes partly the impact of high pathloss in mmWave. Unlike in digital beamforming, only one beam per set of antenna elements can be formed. Analog beamforming impacts the radiation pattern and gain of the antenna array, thus improves coverage. Analog beamformingThe signal phases of individual antenna signals are adjusted in RF domain. Digital beamforming improves the cell capacity as the same PRBs (frequency/time resources) can be used to transmit data simultaneously for multiple users.

An antenna array of 50 omni elements, with ВЅ wavelength spacing in between the antenna elements is used. In practice, massive means there are 32 or more logical antenna ports in the base station It is expected that NEMs will start with a maximum of 64 logical antenna ports in 5G.Figure 2 illustrates how mMIMO works in practice. Massive MIMOThe most commonly seen definition is that mMIMO is a system where the number of antennas exceeds the number of users. One approach is to use analog beamforming for coarse beamforming, and inside the analog beam use a digital beamforming scheme as appropriate, either MU-MIMO or SU-MIMO. It is expected that mm-wave gNB (5G base station) implementations will use some form of hybrid beamforming.

Signal radiation patterns of simulated MU-MIMO transmissions to 4 UEs in free-space.In MU-MIMO/mMIMO, the base station applies distinct precoding for the data stream of each UE where the location of the UE, as well as the location of all the other UEs, are taken into account to optimize the signal for target UE and at the same time minimize interference to the other UEs. The data streams do not interfere between each other because each of them has a distinct radiation pattern, where the signal strength in the direction of the target UE is optimized, and in the directions of the other UEs (victim UEs) the signal strength is minimized.Figure 2. The same time/frequency resources. All four streams are transmitted using the same physical resource blocks, i.e.

They form a grid of beams covering the whole cell area. SSB beams are static, or semi-static, always pointing to the same direction. Instead, each cell has one or multiple Synchronization Signal Block Beam (SSB) beams, see Figure 3. There is no cell-level reference channel from where the coverage of the cell could be measured. Beam-based coverage measurements in 5GThe coverage is beam-based in 5G, not cell based.

In field measurements, these metrics can be collected both with scanning receivers and test UEs. Physical Cell ID (PCI) and beam ID are the identifications separating beams from each other. The metrics measured are SS-RSRP, SS-RSRQ, and SS-SINR for each beam. The candidate set of beams may contain beams from multiple cells.

The performance of the UEs as well as scanners is yet to be seen both in the spec sheets and in practice.Of course, it must be kept in mind that 5G can operate without beamforming, in which case there would be one SSB beam covering the whole cell area, and all the coverage testing methodology would default back to same as in LTE as SSB beam equals to cell in that case. Provided of course that the scanner or test UE is fast enough to catch all these signals. If it were a 5G network, the device could see, for example, six beams of each sox cells, in total 36 reference signals. As an example, letвЂ™s imagine a place of poor dominance in an LTE network, where a scanner or a test UE detects reference signals from 6 different cells. Therefore, there is no intra-cell interference among the SSB beams, and at least the scanning receivers should be able to detect also extremely weak SSB beams, even in presence of a dominant, strong beam from the same cell.

The gNB scheduling and link adaptation algorithms are proprietary, not defined in 3GPP. The scheduling decisions, as well as whether MU-MIMO is to be used or not, are done by every 1ms slot by the gNB. The minimum horizontal and vertical spatial separation between UEs may differ depending on the number of physical antenna elements in the gNB antenna panel in the horizontal and vertical dimensions.The signa- to-noise-ratio of each user, as well as the multipath propagation profile impact the achievable performance. If all users are packed in the same location, for example around the same table in a cafeteria, it becomes impossible to isolate the users to different beams that do not overlap. Ideally, the UEs should be scattered across the cell area. There are many variables impacting the real-life gain provided by the mMIMO.The spatial distribution of cell users has a big impact.

As part of the test setup, it is important to ensure that the core network and backend server have sufficient bandwidth, so that the radio interface is the only bandwidth bottleneck during the test. SummaryWhen testing the capacity gain of mMIMO, there needs to be multiple test UEs distributed in the cell area, each performing active bulk data transfer testing against a test server simultaneously. Hence, it is in the best interest of the operators to verify the field performance of massive MIMO implementations as part of the vendor selection and network acceptance processes. The performance of the mMIMO has a major impact in the system capacity of the 5G network.